Diabetes Mellitus affects millions of people worldwide. It is
the most common endocrine disorder characterized by metabolic derangement and
the presentation may include, long term complications affecting the kidneys,
eyes, nerves, blood vessels, the heart and a host of other organs in the body.
Centres for Disease Control and Prevention says that diabetes
is becoming more common in India. From 1980 through 2011, the number of Indians with analysed
diabetes has dramatically multiplied".
A great number of people never experience symptoms and their
diagnosis is often made as an incidental finding during routine medical
examination. Some of them are diagnosed post-mortem. Type 2 Diabetes is a
lifestyle disease.
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| Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms |
Type 2 diabetes (which used to be known as non-insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus) is commoner than type 1 diabetes. It exhibits more
familial aggregation but its' pathogenesis is less well understood. However,
the major contributory environmental factor is obesity. Type 2 diabetes usually
begins in middle age and the typical patient is often overweight. It is one of the major causes of premature
illness and death in most countries.
It is possible for people to have type 2 diabetes for
several years without being aware of it. This is largely due to the fact that
type 2 diabetes symptoms can take a long time to manifest. Moreover, at the
onset of this disease, symptoms are likely to be quite mild. As rising blood
sugar levels and the body's ability to moderate these begin to spiral out of
control, however, signs of a developing problem will become far more
noticeable. Knowing what to look for often makes it easier for people to get timely
medical attention and treatment.
Read these Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms
Excessive Thirst
Frequent urination and excessive thirst are two of the most
common Type 2 diabetes symptoms. These will usually appear early on during the
development of the disease and progress throughout until an effective treatment
plan is established. As excess sugar builds up in the bloodstream, these cause
fluids to be pulled from the tissues. This creates thirst, which is the first
sign of mild dehydration. It will also cause the individual to urinate more frequently
than normal.
Intense Hunger
Type 2 diabetes makes it difficult for the body to
synthesize sugars for energy. This is caused by insufficient insulin for moving
sugar into the blood cells. The result is a marked increase in hunger. Dramatic
increases in hunger can make people feel both irritable and out of sorts. Many
type 2 diabetes sufferers significantly increase their food consumption and
they may not feel satisfied in spite of these increases.
Rapid Weight Loss
People who have type 2 diabetes are also prone to weight
loss. This remains true even when these individuals have dramatically increased
their caloric intake by eating larger meals or eating more frequently. Without
the ability to move sugar into the cells, energy levels will remain lower than
average and feelings of hunger will be persistent. The body will have to rely
on alternative fuels. These are commonly derived from fuels that are present in
the body's fat stores and in the muscles. As the extra glucose in the body is
released in the urine, calories are consistently lost.
Fatigue
Given that the body is no longer getting sufficient energy
from the foods that are consumed, fatigue is one of the most common type 2
diabetes symptoms. People can feel irritable and tired irrespective of their
efforts to maintain regular sleep schedules and fairly balanced and high-energy
diets. Feelings of fatigue will only increase if the disease is left untreated
and the body continues using energy from muscle and fat stores.
Blurry Vision
Blurry vision is something that people are likely to
experience after having left type 2 diabetes undiagnosed and untreated for any
considerable period of time. Untreated diabetes can have a significant and even
long-term impact on ocular health. When blood sugar is excessively high and
remains that way, fluids will be drawn from the ocular lenses. This diminishes
the ability of the eyes to focus.
Cuts, Scrapes Or Abrasions That Are Slow To Heal
Given the extraordinary amount of stress that the body
experiences with untreated diabetes, many people find that their wounds are
slow to heal. Small cuts and abrasions may not scab over and these will be more
susceptible to infection and other problems. Local and systemic infections will
also be much harder for the body to fight off. People should additionally note
that they will have a diminished resistance to infections at this time.
Dark Spots
Dark spots are among the type 2 diabetes symptoms that are
most likely to rear their heads after a prolonged period without intervention
or treatment. These spots are referred to as acanthosis nigricans. They are a
sign of resistance to insulin. They will usually present themselves in the
creases and folds of skin that exist in the neck and armpits.
Complications of Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes affects almost every system in the body and some
patients may present with symptoms of complications such as blurred vision,
erectile dysfunction, pain or numbness in the feet or hands. Other symptoms
will be discussed under the specific complications of diabetes. Being aware of
diabetes complications and taking necessary measures can help prevent or slow
their development.
Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes
In addition to being watchful for type 2 diabetes symptoms,
people should also be cognizant of the different risk factors for this disease.
While little is still known about the actual causes of type 2 diabetes, studies
have shown that some individuals are at greater risk of developing this
illness. For instance, excess body fat or large amounts of fatty tissue will
invariably increase a person's likelihood of developing this type of diabetes.
This is especially true for people who are predisposed to fat storage around
the abdomen. When fat storage is greater in the abdominal area as opposed to
the thighs and hips, the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes will
increase.
Genetics And Existing Health Issues in Type 2 Diabetes
Age, poly-cystic ovary syndrome and the existence of
prediabetes are causes for concern as well. Prediabetes is characterized by
higher than average blood sugar levels, however, the blood sugar is not high
enough for the problem to be classified or diagnosed as diabetes. With
polycystic ovary syndrome, women have excessive hair growth, irregular
menstrual cycles and excess body fat, particularly around the mid-section.
Genetics also play a role in determining a person's
likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes. Thus, people with immediate family
members who suffer from this disease should be especially diligent in their
efforts to watch for the development of diabetes symptoms. Those with parents
or sibling who have type 2 diabetes should consult with their doctors upon
experiencing any of these common, type 2 diabetes symptoms.
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